The plastic cleaning of the seas it is an inescapable imperative to which the world has not yet responded. On the contrary, waste does not stop pouring into its waters and the situation has long since ceased to be serious and has become simply dramatic.
If we do not act, the situation will eventually reach a point of no return. For now, plastic garbage parks occupy a good part of the planet. They rotate uncontrollably, as it is trapped by the currents of the five major ocean gyres or eddies. Even if we stop, the plastics out there won't decompose for a thousand years.
Doing so, on the other hand, does not solve the problem. Its degradation alters the marine ecosystem in a terrible way, as toxic chemicals are released whose effects are being studied with very ugly results. It is known, for example, that some plastics that degrade early have released BPA or styrene derivatives, and the consequences alter the functioning of various hormones and cause reproductive problems in fauna. In Green Ecologist, we show 5 inventions to clean the oceans of plastic.
Unknown dimensions
"A new habitat has been created, a horrible situation unprecedented in the history of the planet," says Mike Moore, a researcher at the Algalita Marine Research Institute, in California, United States. The expert emphasizes the so-called "plastic soups", in which marine fauna is forced to live, in an environment that also carries risks of drowning and accidents that kill many animals.
Experiments carried out in the laboratory indicate that the polistierno, whose degradation is polluting the water with toxic products that come from huge amounts of plastic products adrift. Its dimensions are unknown, because below the surface, that is to say, in the funds, little explored, there can be an unimaginable quantity.
To get an idea, it is estimated that ocean plastic litter exceeds 5 trillion pieces of plastic, whose weight will be around more than 150 million tons, according to figures from the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and the Five Gyres Institute in Los Angeles.
More trash than fish
If we do nothing to remove this garbage and slow down our rate of dumping, the situation could definitely get out of hand. As a graphic example, also according to the same foundation, we dump a plastic garbage truck every minute, and if this continues in 2050 we will double the figure. By then, the oceans could have more plastic than fish, they conclude.
At the public health level, the situation also encompasses the problem of food safety. Not surprisingly, fish stocks suffer from this degradation of the ecosystem. But not only that, because the health of the fish is another issue that directly makes you tremble.
After all, it is not known if it is better not to have fish than to eat it contaminated. In fact, this excessive pollution is already coming back to us as if it were a diabolical boomerang. Experts warn us that "35 percent of the fish we catch have an average of one or two pieces of plastic in their stomachs," says Mike Moore. In other words, the plastic that we throw into the sea ends up on our plate and, therefore, in our body. A nice panorama.
Attempts to fix the problem
As it is, sharpening your wits is a real urgency. There are currently no solutions to remove ocean debris, the main difficulty of which is in the small pieces of the ocean. "They are very small, very diverse and very thin. And it requires a global solution," says Erik van Sebile, a scientist at Australia's Center of Excellence for Climate Science.
Since it is an international problem, the solution must be too. Thus, suddenly, the solution that occurs to Sebille is to prevent. That is to say, raise awareness about the importance of recycling and the reduction of its consumption, as well as the invention of non-polluting bioplastics.
And, of course, welcome are proposals like the ones we explain below. Still incipient solutions, many in the prototype phase or not even that. Be that as it may, they are attempts that point to the stars, and just because of the utopia they show off they well deserve our attention.
Ocean Cleanup Array
The invention of the young Dutchman Boyan Slat aspires to achieve great success with its revolutionary system, a great invention that has gone around the world thanks to its media force. It is an experimental device that acts as a large funnel that absorbs the garbage. Christened the Ocean Cleanup Array, it has been designed to absorb millions of tons of plastic marine for later recycle it on site.
This engineering student is convinced that he can recover plastic garbage from the world's oceans and will soon be able to prove it. It will do so in a pilot project that works on the Japanese coast, in the south of the country.
The next phase of the Ocean Cleanup project, named precisely like this, "The neXt Phase", was inaugurated in a massive event starring his alma mater, the very young and always surprising Boyan Slat.
There is no doubt that the draft of this young man engineer she is anything but a ghost. Its impetus and the support it has, both in terms of human, material and financial resources, forces us to take it seriously.
However, its objective represents a great challenge that can hardly be considered feasible. Many doubt its effectiveness, despite the fact that it is showing many things.
The next step, the much announced "The neXt Phase" with great fanfare, has left the experimental phase behind to begin the great adventure of cleaning the ocean on a large scale.
In this case, giving time to time is key to answering this question. In just a few years we will know if we are facing a failed attempt or a historical invention that will really be the definitive technical solution to the drama posed by oceanic plastic garbage.
As Slat himself often says, instead of waiting for people to stop littering or for plastic to be replaced by other less polluting materials, you have to bet on giving answers. "We have to take advantage of the fact that humans are very good at inventing technical solutions to our problems. This is precisely what we are doing." Why not, perhaps we are before one of the heroes of our time?
An underwater skyscraper
The next solution is from Sung Jin Cho, a South Korean who bets on a gigantic vacuum cleaner designed to collect garbage from the sea and recycle it. His futuristic invention is called "Seawer" and is shaped like an underwater skyscraper.
His idea is to place it right where those large concentrations of plastics are. Although his project is conceptual, for now, the idea has earned him the Honorable Mention in the prestigious eVolo Skyscraper Competition design competition.
Bacteria that eat plastics
Japanese scientists have discovered a bacterium (Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6) with a diet that comes to us that is not even painted to erase the plastic from the seas. The aforementioned shows a good appetite for eat the most common plastic (PET or polyethylene terephthalate), just the one used in disposable water bottles and in other products such as clothing, food trays or containers.
The finding has been published in Science, and as detailed it could help reduce waste, which in this type of plastic exceeds 50 million tons per year in the world each year. Before this discovery, it was known that a rare type of fungus could do the same.
The Ocean Cleanup
According to a recent study, the best way to clean ocean plastics is place collectors near the coasts. In this way, we avoid that possible absorption systems such as those mentioned can damage marine life.
The Ocean Cleanup project plans to implement this proposal from Dr. Erik van Sebille and Peter Sherman, an undergraduate physics student at Imperial College London. Their study, published in Environmental Research Letters, locates the best points to locate collectors.
Trash can
Taking the plastic out of the sea in cubazos may seem like a joke, and in fact this curious garbage can to clean the sea it was not invented to work on a large scale. However, within its modesty, the Seabin can be very effective, a garbage can that floats and absorbs the debris that is on the surface of the sea. Once inside, they are filtered and a pump returns the clean water to the sea.
The parents of the creature, Andrew Turton and Peter Ceglinski, -surfers to be precise-, have invented this curious device within the Seabin Project, and the first pilot test will be carried out at the Real Club Náutico de Palma. Who knows, maybe cube by cube it will make a little big difference, although again prevention is still the best option. Perhaps also the only one within our reach.
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