On April 26, 1986, the accident of the nuclear power station located in the town of Chernobyl. It has been, to date, the worst nuclear disaster not generated by a war. It is also considered one of the worst disasters environmental history, along with the oil slick produced by the Exxon Valdez, the toxic cloud of Bhopal (produced in India), the burning of the oil wells in Kuwait at the end of the Gulf War in 1991 or the contamination by chloride of vinyl from the Minamata river in Japan.
When Chernobyl started
It all started with a cutting simulation of power supply, a test, in principle, without any risk. Due to this action, and in less than two hours, there was a sudden increase in power in the central reactor, the most dangerous part of this type of facility, it overheated and exploded due to the hydrogen that was inside. . From that moment, the reactor began to expel all kinds of polluting and toxic gases: uranium dioxide, boron carbide, europium oxide, erbium, zirconium alloys and graphite.
It has been estimated that the radioactive power was about 500 times greater than that produced when the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima in 1945. The Chernobyl accident caused the death direct 31 people, but many others have died slowly later due to the consequences produced by breathing polluted air. In addition, to all this must be added thousands of sick people and children born with deformities. The government of the then Soviet Union ordered the evacuation of some 116,000 people. Radioactivity was detected in thirteen countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
How Chernobyl Happened
The accident from Chernobyl It happened in what is now Ukraine, about a hundred kilometers north of its capital, Kiev. The explanation for the accident was that the control systems failed, as well as a negligence in the way the operators reacted when the alarm occurred. But it was only two minutes since the steam that would explode the core began to be generated. After that couple of minutes, the reactor went out of control. There was nothing more to be done.
Some of the radioactive componentsThey, like the radioisotopes of iodine I131 and cesium, can take an average of thirty years to completely disappear from the atmosphere. Radioactive contamination affected an area of which almost five million inhabitants lived. 23% of the area occupied by present-day Belarus, part of Russia and Ukraine, as well as some regions of Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany, were contaminated. Two days after the accident, the radioactivity in Berlin was twice normal.
Thirty people died of the team charged with putting out the fire and controlling the radiation from the reactor core. Tons of chemicals and sand were dropped from helicopters to try to put out the fires and prevent the contamination from spreading. Later, more than half a million people, including military personnel, technicians, nuclear energy experts and volunteers, tried to seal the leaks that were still occurring.
After the catastrophe
After the catastrophe, the whole area was a desert, a gray graveyard. Any life around the plant was destroyed. In humans, many cases of cancer occurred in all nearby regions. In the vicinity of the plant, the pines turned brown and eventually died. The area is now known as the Red Forest.
At first, an attempt was made to minimize the consequences of the catastrophe. They did not want to explain. And the Soviet Union could not, politically, recognize a security failure in the nuclear power plant because it would have meant recognizing its decline as a superpower. Which finally occurred a few years later.
The first population that had to be evacuated was Pripiat. But soon the radiation reaches a radius of thirty kilometers around and all of its population to flee from there. In the city of Chernobyl about 40,000 people were evacuated. And that's where the catastrophe takes its name. All agricultural and livestock production is destroyed. The areas closest to the area are completely devastated. There is no trace of life.
Many years later, non-governmental organizations estimated that some 20,000 people were killed or fatally wounded. Some 300,000 suffered from different types of cancer. Different reports have been produced with different figures. Until the Chernobyl accident, it was still questionable whether nuclear power plants were safe or not. From then on, it was known that no. Thereafter, these disasters are avoidable.
At present, and although it seems incredible, Chernobyl has become a destination tourist.
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