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Analysis of sustainable buildings for non-residential use.
Green Office Building (Paris):
It is an office building in France, located very close to Paris, which has a north-south orientation of its main facades, allowing optimization of the use of natural light and avoiding excess solar radiation. It has been designed as a positive energy building, capable of supplying the excess energy to the electrical network.
The design and interior distribution of the same has been made in such a way that all spaces have windows, being a reinforced concrete construction. The envelope allows total comfort inside, with minimal energy demands as it has 20 cm thick thermal insulation, as well as double-layer glazing.
It has a landscaped façade in the west area, as well as suspended fans to improve and favor ventilation conditions and adequate air circulation.
The building is an example of energy self-sufficiency as it has a consumption of 62 kWh / m2 per year compared to the 64 kWh / m2 per year that it generates through photovoltaic panels and a CHP-type cogeneration system.
Bioclimatic offices Fundación Barredo in Siero (Asturias)
This three-story office buildingstands out for its efficient bioclimatic design, allowing adequate thermal conditioning as well as the implementation of renewable energies. Its design is articulated around three Y-shaped arms, open to three different orientations, to achieve maximum use of light and solar radiation, applying different strategies to optimize and improve its efficiency, the following stand out:
- Its thermal envelope is heterogeneous, and has been resolved with various types of façades, ventilated façades with red stone from Covadonga and chestnut wood, a glass curtain wall combined with photovoltaic panels and galleries that act as solar greenhouses. A different thermal insulation thickness is used for each of the facades in each wing, which varies depending on each orientation. It has cantilevers on the roof as shading elements.
- Under the foundation there are tubes for cooling the hot water from the absorption pumps, the temperature being controlled by means of sensors that have been placed on the floor and the tubes.
- Solar thermal energy has been implemented to meet the demand for sanitary hot water, having a biomass boiler and a system of geothermal wells, it also has photovoltaic panels to generate electricity. The air conditioning and ventilation systems are fully monitored.
ENVITE office and workshop building (Asturias)
This building presents a design of maximum passive use from a bioclimatic point of view, optimized according to the environment where it is located and the climatic characteristics of the area. It has an office area and another for industrial use where the workshops and classrooms of the Lince Asprona-People Foundation group are concentrated, which is an association aimed at training and hiring people with intellectual disabilities. It has an energy rating A, with a design that chooses to use elements of vegetal envelopes and the use of renewable energies. Endesa was awarded the most sustainable non-residential development in 2011.
The building manages to implement different strategies to reduce energy demand, highlighting, for example, the specific treatment of each façade according to its orientation, as well as the design and arrangement of façade openings has been carried out efficiently, since most of them are They are located in a south orientation, and have been reduced in the north. The following strong points also stand out:
- It has a bioclimatic atrium, which acts by attenuating the weather effects from the outside, so that its roof can be closed in winter and opened in summer to allow better ventilation and attenuate the effects of heat.
- Ventilated exterior façade in the office area by means of a light enclosure with a wooden substructure and high-density rock wool insulation with solar protection in the openings by means of adjustable slat systems. Precast concrete panels are used for the facades in the industrial area.
- Landscaped roof that allows the evaporation of water in summer, reducing the contribution of solar radiation through the roofs (In summer, as the sun is higher, the roofs receive a lot of solar radiation and it is interesting to reduce it as much as possible, so, together with the atrium, they are very successful strategies), aromatic species have been planted there indigenous. It also has blinds that close in an upward direction to avoid dazzling the lower work area and allow the sun to collect from the upper area.
- It also has a garden in the arcade area that helps to cool and regulate the temperature, on the ground floor and a vegetable pergola in the southern areas with native species, as well as a system for the collection and subsequent reuse of water from rain to irrigate the plant species in these gardens.
- Regarding ventilation, along with the design that favors natural ventilation and night ventilation, it also has Free-cooling and dual heat exchanger flow.
- As efficient facilities and clean energy, the building uses an area of 65 m2 of solar thermal collectors, as well as photovoltaic panels for electricity, and has an installation with a geothermal heat pump for heating and cooling, biomass boilers and an absorption machine for production of solar cold. All the building's facilities are controlled by a management and control system that allows their use to be adapted to the building's operating regime. The monitoring system allows to know if the elements placed work and are efficient.
It should be noted that materials that generate a minimum environmental impact have also been used, such as the wood used in the structure and in the false ceilings, which is certified with a quality seal that guarantees this aspect and completely natural and environmentally friendly insulation.
Hotel Bonapace in Torbole (Italy)
It is a Passive House certified hotel building located on Lake Garda in Italy. This hotel has been built mainly using wood, combined with other insulating materials and has a solarium-type terrace in which the solar panels are located, as well as the thermal power plant that contains the ventilation systems with heat recovery.
The building unifies bioclimatic design together with renewable energies to achieve the Passive House standards, it has 20 rooms whose gaps are solved with triple glazing and it has a silent mechanical ventilation system with a network of supply and return ducts with recuperators. of heat.
The façade features 96 mm glass wool thermal insulation. thick and achieves a transmittance value of 0.119 W / m2 K. The openings are triple glazed with argon gas in the chambers, with a thermal transmittance of 0.6 W / m2 K and a solar factor g of 48%. The roof also presents 10 cm thick glass wool insulation and reaches a very low transmittance value of 0.08 W / m²K, in the case of a solarium-type terrace in which the solar panels are located as well as the central one. thermal containing ventilation systems with heat recovery.
On the roof there are 15 m2 of collectors for solar thermal energy together with a heat pump to cover the demand for sanitary hot water and heating. In addition, the entire building has been built with a wooden structure from sustainably managed forests, with PEFC certification.
If you liked it, you can also see «Examples of sustainable housing and renovations«.
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Article prepared by Jose Luis Morote Salmeron (Technical Architect - Energy Manager - Google plus Profile) Access to their website HERE, in collaboration withOVACEN.
