The universe is made up of a series of chemical elements that are also repeated in living beings, although they are present in different proportions. Thus, living organisms are made up of a series of chemical elements that form organic and inorganic molecules with various essential functions for life and these are called bioelements.
From Ecologist Verde we want to explain what are bioelements and their classification, as well as the molecules that form and that are essential for living beings.
Bioelements, which are also called biogenic elements (from "bio" - "life" and "genesis" - "origin", that is, they give rise to living forms), are the chemical elements that make up living beings and they can be found both alone and in conjunction with others, forming biomolecules. There are around 70 bioelements, although not all of them are present in all living beings nor are they in the same proportions.
Among the most common elements for their abundance in living beings we find oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. It is curious that, with the exception of oxygen and hydrogen, bioelements are not the most abundant chemical elements in the physical environment and, nevertheless, are essential for the support of life. The reason for this is given by a series of characteristics and properties that are common to these biogenic elements, among which are:
There are different types of bioelements: classified according to their relative abundance in living organisms in majority, essential trace elements and non-essential trace elements. The majority bioelements are characterized by being always present in living organisms. Within this group, there are 2 subgroups of bioelements: primary and secondary bioelements.
Then, in the following sections, the different types are explained and what is the function of the primary bioelements and the secondary bioelements, as well as the trace elements.
The primary bioelements are found in an approximate proportion of 95% in living matter and they are essential for the formation of biomolecules. Primary bioelements include:
For their part, secondary bioelements they are somewhat less abundant than primary but play essential roles in cell physiology. Among the secondary bioelements are:
Essential trace elements are found in living organisms in a proportion that does not exceed 0.1%, which does not diminish their essential character, and both their absence and their excess can cause important deficiencies and problems in the body. Inside of the trace elements group essential are included:
Finally, the non-essential trace elements They are made up of all those chemical elements that, without being essential for all living beings, often play important functional roles in them.
Once understood what are bioelements and what is their classification, we can approach the concept of immediate principles, which are the combined forms in which bioelements are usually found. There are physical methods such as evaporation, filtration, distillation and centrifugation, among others, that allow the separation of these components from living matter without altering its molecular structure.
The immediate principles can be divided into organic immediate principles -the calls biomolecules, which include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids and which are exclusive to living matter and, therefore, have to be synthesized by living beings- or inorganic immediate principles, among which are water and mineral salts (solid or in solution) that, in addition to living beings, are also present in inorganic matter. In turn, biomolecules can be simple, if they are formed by the union of several atoms of the same element (for example, oxygen, OR2), or compound, when they are composed of the combination of atoms of different chemical elements (as in the case of water, H2OR).
Biomolecules have structural functions (as in the case of proteins, lipids and mineral salts), energetic (carbohydrates and lipids) or catalyst of reactions (as in the case of enzymes, which are proteins).
To continue learning about these issues and progress in the matter, we recommend this other article by Green Ecologist on What is organic and inorganic matter.
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